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  <title>hello hello</title>
  <subtitle>Lee Cattarin... on the internet!</subtitle>
  <link href="https://leecat.art/feed.xml" rel="self" />
  <link href="https://leecat.art/" />
  <updated>2026-03-22T00:00:00Z</updated>
  <id>https://leecat.art/</id>
  <author>
    <name>Lee Cattarin</name>
    <email>lee.cattarin@gmail.com</email>
  </author>
  <entry>
    <title>accessible image modals</title>
    <link href="https://leecat.art/accessible-image-modals/" />
    <updated>2026-03-22T00:00:00Z</updated>
    <id>https://leecat.art/accessible-image-modals/</id>
    <content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Recently I&#39;ve been working on a single-page digital rendition of a zine complete with many hand-drawn images. The author wanted to be able to bring images up to a full-screen view, to either zoom in or to put the whole enlarged image on one screen with no scrolling. It was a real struggle to find resources on how to do this in an accessible manner, so I&#39;m writing up what I did.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fair warning: This solution is likely imperfect.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;the-dialog-element&quot;&gt;the &lt;code&gt;dialog&lt;/code&gt; element&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;do you know how many tutorials want you to roll your own modals? It&#39;s a not-insignificant amount. W3Schools, top of the search results in many cases, recommends it in two places - &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.w3schools.com/howto/howto_css_modal_images.asp&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;image modals&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.w3schools.com/css/css3_images_modal.asp&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;responsive image modals&lt;/a&gt;. Several search results for &amp;quot;image modal&amp;quot; pop up div solutions - &lt;a href=&quot;https://stackoverflow.com/questions/75598914/how-to-display-an-image-clicking-on-it-using-modal-window-on-html-css-and-js&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;div modal 1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://dev.to/salehmubashar/create-an-image-modal-with-javascript-2lf3&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;div modal 2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9TNHynFjaQ&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;div modal 3&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you don&#39;t know of the existence of &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;dialog&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;, a search for image modals will not get you there quickly.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you search for &lt;em&gt;accessible&lt;/em&gt; image modals, you&#39;ll still hear about &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;s. Hell, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/apg/patterns/dialog-modal/examples/dialog/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;W3C&#39;s ARIA Authoring Practices Guide uses a &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. You kinda have to go digging to read about the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.scottohara.me/blog/2023/01/26/use-the-dialog-element.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;dialog element from Scott O&#39;Hara&lt;/a&gt; or find &lt;a href=&quot;https://accessibleweb.dev/modals&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;AccessibleWeb.dev&#39;s piece on modals&lt;/a&gt;. Or you can go &lt;a href=&quot;https://adrianroselli.com/2025/06/where-to-put-focus-when-opening-a-modal-dialog.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;straight for Adrian Roselli&lt;/a&gt; and find examples that use the native &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;dialog&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; element. Thanks Adrian!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Did I roll my own modal at first? Regretfully, yes. I&#39;d used the &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;dialog&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; element before... several years ago... in a project I don&#39;t have access to anymore... Needless to say, I had forgotten about its existence.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Anyway, I got there. Eventually. So let&#39;s talk about modals and &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;dialog&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;what-does-dialog-give-us&quot;&gt;what does &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;dialog&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; give us?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;so, what do we get from the &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;dialog&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; element that we don&#39;t get from a &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; modal?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;a semantically meaningful element&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;a backdrop that fills the screen behind the modal, styleable with &lt;code&gt;::backdrop&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;automatic use of the &lt;code&gt;Esc&lt;/code&gt; key to close the modal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;automatic focus trapping that prevents any tabbing within the page behind the modal (users can tab off the page into the browser buttons)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;the JS functions &lt;code&gt;.showModal()&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;.close()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;if &lt;code&gt;closedby&lt;/code&gt; is set to &lt;code&gt;any&lt;/code&gt;, clicking outside the modal (anywhere on the backdrop) will also close the modal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;automatic return of focus to the element that triggered the modal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;the &lt;code&gt;autofocus&lt;/code&gt; attribute for in-modal elements to set which element should receive focus on opening the modal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;the &lt;code&gt;open&lt;/code&gt; attribute which is set on the &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;dialog&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; when open and removed when closed (when you use the functions mentioned previously)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;p&gt;and more. This is just the pieces in use for me. There&#39;s also things like &lt;a href=&quot;https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/dialog#additional_notes&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;setting forms so that submission closes the dialog&lt;/a&gt; (point 1 in that list).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;what-doesnt-it-give-us&quot;&gt;what doesn&#39;t it give us?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;a close button - gotta roll your own and attach the requisite &lt;code&gt;.close()&lt;/code&gt; call (or rely on users hitting escape or clicking the backdrop)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;prevention of scroll on the rest of the page&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;a-bug&quot;&gt;a bug&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MDN warns:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Do not add the &lt;code&gt;tabindex&lt;/code&gt; property to the &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;dialog&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; element as it is not interactive and does not receive focus.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;— &lt;a href=&quot;https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Elements/dialog#additional_notes&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;dialog&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;: additional notes&lt;/a&gt; (point 3 in that list).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;despite this, I found that in Firefox (but not Edge), the &lt;em&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;dialog&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; itself was focusable&lt;/em&gt;. I have no idea why, but I tested this on a totally unstyled and unmodified page and still found it to be true. As a focusable element, it made no sense. It had no interactivity and could not be activated.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I&#39;m still torn: do I add &lt;code&gt;tabindex=&amp;quot;-1&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;? MDN specifically says not to, but I&#39;m pretty sure they&#39;re warning against making it &lt;em&gt;focusable&lt;/em&gt;. Why warn against making it nonfocusable when &lt;em&gt;it&#39;s not supposed to be focusable in the first place&lt;/em&gt;, after all?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At current, I&#39;m ambivalent, but I&#39;ve added &lt;code&gt;tabindex=&amp;quot;-1&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; to handle Firefox&#39;s poor behavior. Making the dialog focusable is unhelpful and confusing.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;in-addition-to-the-dialog&quot;&gt;in addition to the &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;dialog&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;here&#39;s what else I wrote...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;html&quot;&gt;html&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;besides the &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;dialog&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;, I gave my &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;img&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; elements &lt;code&gt;tabindex=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt; to make them focusable.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;js&quot;&gt;js&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;in &lt;code&gt;modal.js&lt;/code&gt;, I created an &lt;code&gt;openDialog()&lt;/code&gt; function that takes in the clicked image. It:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;creates a new &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;img&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; element and copies over the &lt;code&gt;src&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;alt&lt;/code&gt; attributes - importantly, it doesn&#39;t copy the full &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;img&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; because we &lt;em&gt;don&#39;t&lt;/em&gt; want to copy that &lt;code&gt;tabindex&lt;/code&gt; attribute&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;replaces the current &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;img&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; in the modal with our new copy with &lt;code&gt;replaceChild()&lt;/code&gt; (or if there&#39;s no current one, it just appends)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;calls &lt;code&gt;dialog.showModal()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I gave my close button two event listeners, one that listens for click events and one that listens for a keydown of the space or enter keys. In the case of the keydown, it calls &lt;code&gt;event.preventDefault()&lt;/code&gt; to stop the space key from scrolling the underlying page.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I also looped through all images and attached my &lt;code&gt;openDialog()&lt;/code&gt; function to any image with a &lt;code&gt;tabindex&lt;/code&gt; attribute (I had some images that weren&#39;t intended to be fullscreened, so they lacked &lt;code&gt;tabindex&lt;/code&gt;). Again, I gave them listeners on both click and keydown.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;css&quot;&gt;css&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;here&#39;s the most relevant parts of the CSS:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;dialog::backdrop&lt;/code&gt; was given a &lt;a href=&quot;https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Guides/Colors/Using_relative_colors&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;relatively calculated&lt;/a&gt; color - &lt;code&gt;rgba(from var(--color-bg) r g b / .8)&lt;/code&gt; - as well as a blur&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;body:has(dialog[open])&lt;/code&gt; has &lt;code&gt;overflow: hidden&lt;/code&gt; set&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;dialog img&lt;/code&gt; uses a &lt;code&gt;max-height&lt;/code&gt; as well as &lt;code&gt;object-fit: contain&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;errors-questions&quot;&gt;errors? questions?&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;reach out!&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>eleventy lessons</title>
    <link href="https://leecat.art/eleventy-lessons/" />
    <updated>2026-02-19T00:00:00Z</updated>
    <id>https://leecat.art/eleventy-lessons/</id>
    <content type="html">&lt;p&gt;recently I wrote &lt;em&gt;several&lt;/em&gt; sites using &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.11ty.dev/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;Eleventy&lt;/a&gt; (4? 5?). Including, over the past few days, rewriting this one! That&#39;s right, if you&#39;re reading this, we&#39;re now running on 11ty and hosted by &lt;a href=&quot;https://heckin.technology/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;heckin.technology&lt;/a&gt;. See ya, GitHub. Won&#39;t miss ya.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Originally, I compiled some of the things I&#39;ve learned in a standalone site.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;however, since I don&#39;t know how much I&#39;ll focus on that specific site - it is mostly a sample - I am re-publishing the most useful information here. I&#39;ll skip the intro to Markdown content. I&#39;m also going to update them where I&#39;ve learned more or to better match what&#39;s represented on this site.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;this will comprise of 4 parts: &lt;a href=&quot;https://leecat.art/eleventy-lessons/#related-posts&quot;&gt;related posts&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://leecat.art/eleventy-lessons/#featured-images&quot;&gt;featured images&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://leecat.art/eleventy-lessons/#pagination&quot;&gt;pagination&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href=&quot;https://leecat.art/eleventy-lessons/#tag-image-preview&quot;&gt;tag image preview&lt;/a&gt;. Feel free to jump ahead, as none depend on the others.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;related-posts&quot;&gt;related posts&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;by default, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://leecat.art/eleventy-lessons/github.com/11ty/eleventy-base-blog&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;Eleventy base blog&lt;/a&gt; comes with pagination between posts. Post 2 can take you to posts 1 and 3, etc.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;while that is useful for &lt;em&gt;this&lt;/em&gt; site, when building another site I wanted to see a couple randomly-suggested posts that shared 1 or more tags.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I started by referring to &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/11ty/eleventy/discussions/2534&quot; target=&quot;_blank rel=external&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;this GitHub issue about related posts&lt;/a&gt;. I had to fix a few errors that arose from the suggested code.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I also wanted to make three changes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;I didn&#39;t want to just see posts that shared &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; tags, but rather posts that shared &lt;em&gt;any&lt;/em&gt; tag&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;I wanted to randomly add a few posts instead of just getting whatever was first (with a shared tag) in the post order&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;I wanted to exclude the posts that I could reach with between-post pagination&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;filters-js&quot;&gt;filters.js&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;after adjusting for those needs, I had the following in &lt;code&gt;filters.js&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-js&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-js&quot;&gt;eleventyConfig&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;addFilter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;excludeFromCollection&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;function&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token parameter&quot;&gt;collection&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; urls&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;this&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;ctx&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;page&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;url&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; collection&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;filter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token parameter&quot;&gt;post&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&gt;&lt;/span&gt; urls&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;indexOf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;post&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;url&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;===&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;

eleventyConfig&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;addFilter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;filterByTags&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;function&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token parameter&quot;&gt;collection&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;...&lt;/span&gt;requiredTags&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; collection&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;filter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token parameter&quot;&gt;post&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; requiredTags&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;flat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;some&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token parameter&quot;&gt;tag&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&gt;&lt;/span&gt; post&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;data&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;tags&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;includes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;tag&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;

eleventyConfig&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;addFilter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;randomize&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;function&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token parameter&quot;&gt;array&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token comment&quot;&gt;// Create a copy of the array to avoid modifying the original&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;let&lt;/span&gt; shuffledArray &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; array&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;slice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;

  &lt;span class=&quot;token comment&quot;&gt;// Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;let&lt;/span&gt; i &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; shuffledArray&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;length &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; i &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; i&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;--&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
      &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;const&lt;/span&gt; j &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; Math&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;floor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;Math&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;random&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;*&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;i &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
      &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;shuffledArray&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; shuffledArray&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;j&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;shuffledArray&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;j&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; shuffledArray&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

  &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; shuffledArray&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;post-njk&quot;&gt;post.njk&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I used this in my post layout. &lt;code&gt;filterTagList&lt;/code&gt; comes with the base blog by default, and removes the tags &amp;quot;posts&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;all.&amp;quot; &lt;code&gt;head&lt;/code&gt; also comes with the base blog. &lt;code&gt;postlist.njk&lt;/code&gt; is my modified-from-the-base-blog post layout.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;{% set relevantTags = tags | filterTagList %}

{% set olderPost = collections.posts | getPreviousCollectionItem %}
{% set newerPost = collections.posts | getNextCollectionItem %}
{% set urlsToExclude = [page.url, olderPost.url, newerPost.url]}

{% set postlist = collections.posts | filterByTags(relevantTags) | excludeFromCollection(urlsToExclude) | randomize | head(3) %}
{% if postlist.length %}
&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;section&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;related-posts&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;h2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;related posts&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;h2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  {% include &quot;postlist.njk&quot; %}
&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;section&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
{% endif %}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;and that sorts related posts.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;featured-images&quot;&gt;featured images&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;images in 11ty use the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.11ty.dev/docs/plugins/image/#eleventy-transform&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;Image Transform Plugin&lt;/a&gt;. I found it hard to find anything to reference while building this - a lot of sites in the template gallery are either text-heavy or not using the plugin - so I&#39;m reproducing what I&#39;ve got here for reference.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;file-structure&quot;&gt;file structure&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;content/
|--img/
|  |--sample-0.jpg
|  |--sample-1.jpg
|  `--etc
|--posts/
|  |--lesson-0-front-matter-and-urls.md
|  |--lesson-1-headings-paragraphs-and-horizontal-lines.md
|  `--etc
`--etc
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;front-matter&quot;&gt;front matter&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;for any given post, my front matter references the image in this manner:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;---
image:
  src: sample-0.jpg
  alt: moss on a fencepost
---
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;image-html-transform&quot;&gt;image HTML transform&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As mentioned, there&#39;s a plugin for images. If you started with the base blog, in &lt;code&gt;eleventy.config.js&lt;/code&gt;, you&#39;ll probably find a chunk of code similar to this already in place:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-js&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-js&quot;&gt;eleventyConfig&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;addPlugin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;eleventyImageTransformPlugin&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token literal-property property&quot;&gt;formats&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;auto&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;

  &lt;span class=&quot;token literal-property property&quot;&gt;widths&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot;&gt;640&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token literal-property property&quot;&gt;failOnError&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token boolean&quot;&gt;true&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token literal-property property&quot;&gt;htmlOptions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token literal-property property&quot;&gt;imgAttributes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
      &lt;span class=&quot;token comment&quot;&gt;// e.g. &amp;lt;img loading decoding&gt; assigned on the HTML tag will override these values.&lt;/span&gt;
      &lt;span class=&quot;token literal-property property&quot;&gt;loading&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;lazy&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;
      &lt;span class=&quot;token literal-property property&quot;&gt;decoding&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;async&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;

  &lt;span class=&quot;token literal-property property&quot;&gt;sharpOptions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token literal-property property&quot;&gt;animated&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token boolean&quot;&gt;true&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;setting &lt;code&gt;formats&lt;/code&gt; to &amp;quot;auto&amp;quot; helps - use whatever type of image you want, get that type out. The default settings that came with the Eleventy base blog didn&#39;t set a &lt;code&gt;width&lt;/code&gt;, which I wanted (by default, images off my camera - like the hellebore featured image for this post - are almost 5k pixels wide). I also found it helpful to set &lt;code&gt;failOnError&lt;/code&gt; to true for a little more feedback.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;NOTE: It sure seems like Eleventy will fail your image processing if there&#39;s no alt text. While admirable, it would be nice if I could find any documentation for this!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;passthrough-copy&quot;&gt;passthrough copy&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;as I worked through this, I thought I needed a passthrough copy for a while. You don&#39;t - just let the plugin do its thing.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;templating&quot;&gt;templating&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I needed images to show up in 3 places:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In the lists of posts on the home page, I wanted each post to show its featured image&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;In the &amp;quot;related posts&amp;quot; section on each individual post, I wanted each related post to show its featured image&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;And of course, I wanted the post to show its own featured image&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;home-page-and-related-posts&quot;&gt;home page and related posts&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;both of these sections use the same template, which in my setup is called &lt;code&gt;postlist.njk&lt;/code&gt;. Within the relevant links, I added the following:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;{% if post.data.image.src %}
  &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;img&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;src&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;/img/{{ post.data.image.src }}&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;alt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;{{ post.data.image.alt }}&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
{% else %}
  &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;div&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;missing-image&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;div&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
{% endif %}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;post-body&quot;&gt;post body&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;the post body looks similar:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;{% if image.src %}
&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;img&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;featured-img&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;src&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;/posts/img/{{ image.src }}&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;alt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;{{ image.alt }}&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
{% endif %}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;together, that sets up featured images for posts.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;pagination&quot;&gt;pagination&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;simple-pagination&quot;&gt;simple pagination&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.11ty.dev/docs/pagination/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;Post pagination in Eleventy is pretty straightforward&lt;/a&gt;, mostly requiring some specific front matter.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The home page pagination I have set up here looks like the following (in &lt;code&gt;index.njk&lt;/code&gt;):&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;---
pagination:
  data: collections.posts
  size: 13
  alias: posts
  reverse: true
---
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;6 posts per page, paginate data from &lt;code&gt;collections.posts&lt;/code&gt; which we&#39;ll call just &lt;code&gt;posts&lt;/code&gt; for short, and do it in reverse (aka, most recent posts show first).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.11ty.dev/docs/pagination/nav&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;You&#39;ll also likely want previous and next buttons&lt;/a&gt;. I did. Here&#39;s what I have...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;pagination-njk&quot;&gt;pagination.njk&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There&#39;s two components to this, the bigger one being this &lt;code&gt;pagination.njk&lt;/code&gt; template. Look, I like my little icons, ok? It takes an &lt;code&gt;olderHref&lt;/code&gt; and a &lt;code&gt;newerHref&lt;/code&gt;, and optionally an &lt;code&gt;olderTitle&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;newerTitle&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;{% if olderHref or newerHref %}
&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;nav&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;aria-label&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;pagination&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;ol&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;pagination {% if inPost %}post-pagination{% endif %}&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    {% if olderHref %}
    &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;li&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;older&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
      &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;href&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;{{ olderHref }}&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;fa-solid fa-hand-point-left&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;aria-hidden&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;true&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
        {{ olderTitle or &quot;older&quot; }}
      &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;li&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    {% endif %}
    {% if newerHref %}
    &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;li&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;newer&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
      &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;href&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;{{ newerHref }}&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
        {{ newerTitle or &quot;newer&quot; }}
        &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;fa-solid fa-hand-point-right&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;aria-hidden&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;true&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
      &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;li&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    {% endif %}
  &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;ol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;nav&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
{% endif %}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;calling-the-template&quot;&gt;calling the template&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;From &lt;code&gt;index.njk&lt;/code&gt; we can &lt;code&gt;include &amp;quot;pagination.njk&amp;quot;&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;{# idk why these are backwards either #}
{% set newerHref = pagination.href.previous %}
{% set olderHref = pagination.href.next %}
{% include &amp;quot;pagination.njk&amp;quot; %}
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Yup. The order of previous vs. next is totally unintuitive to me, too.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;complex-pagination&quot;&gt;complex pagination&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;however, there&#39;s a catch. &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.11ty.dev/docs/quicktips/tag-pages/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;Tag pages are &lt;em&gt;created&lt;/em&gt; via pagination&lt;/a&gt;! It&#39;s a lot harder to paginate those - you can&#39;t just use the front matter to set it up.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I untangled &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/11ty/eleventy/issues/332#issuecomment-445236776&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;this GitHub issue about double-layered pagination&lt;/a&gt; and came to the following solution...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;eleventy-config-js&quot;&gt;eleventy.config.js&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;in &lt;code&gt;eleventy.config.js&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-js&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-js&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token comment&quot;&gt;// note that this uses the lodash.chunk method, so you’ll have to import that&lt;/span&gt;
eleventyConfig&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;addCollection&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;tagPagination&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;function&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token parameter&quot;&gt;collection&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token comment&quot;&gt;// Get unique list of tags&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;let&lt;/span&gt; tagSet &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;new&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token class-name&quot;&gt;Set&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;collection&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;getAllSorted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;flatMap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token parameter&quot;&gt;post&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&gt;&lt;/span&gt; post&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;data&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;tags &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;||&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;

  &lt;span class=&quot;token comment&quot;&gt;// Get each item that matches the tag&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;let&lt;/span&gt; paginationSize &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;let&lt;/span&gt; tagMap &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;let&lt;/span&gt; tagArray &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;...&lt;/span&gt;tagSet&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;

  &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;let&lt;/span&gt; tagName &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; tagArray&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;let&lt;/span&gt; tagItems &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; collection&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;getFilteredByTag&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;tagName&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;let&lt;/span&gt; pagedItems &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;chunk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;tagItems&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;reverse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; paginationSize&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;

    &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;let&lt;/span&gt; pageNumber &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; max &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; pagedItems&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;length&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; pageNumber &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt; max&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; pageNumber&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;++&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
      tagMap&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;push&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;token literal-property property&quot;&gt;tagName&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; tagName&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;token literal-property property&quot;&gt;pageNumber&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; pageNumber&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;token literal-property property&quot;&gt;pageSize&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; pagedItems&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;length&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;token literal-property property&quot;&gt;pageData&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; pagedItems&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;pageNumber&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;
      &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

  &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; tagMap&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;tag-pages-njk&quot;&gt;tag-pages.njk&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;in my &lt;code&gt;tag-pages.njk&lt;/code&gt; file (or whatever you use to template out your tag pages):&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;---
pagination:
  data: collections.tagPagination
  size: 1
  alias: tag
eleventyComputed:
  permalink: /tags/{{ tag.tagName | slugify }}/% if tag.pageNumber %{{ tag.pageNumber + 1 }}/% endif %
  title: &quot;Posts tagged {{ tag.tagName }}&quot;
eleventyExcludeFromCollections: true
---
&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;h1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Posts tagged “{{ tag.tagName }}”&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;h1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

{% set postlist = tag.pageData %}
{% include &quot;postlist.njk&quot; %}

{# idk why these are backwards either #}
{% if tag.pageNumber &gt; 0 %}
  {% set newerHref = pagination.href.previous %}
{% endif %}
{% if tag.pageNumber &amp;lt; tag.pageSize - 1 %}
  {% set olderHref = pagination.href.next %}
{% endif %}
{% include &quot;pagination.njk&quot; %}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;note the pagination checking &lt;code&gt;tag.pageNumber&lt;/code&gt; against &lt;code&gt;tag.PageSize&lt;/code&gt; - the &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/11ty/eleventy/issues/332#issuecomment-445236776&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;original suggested solution&lt;/a&gt; in the GitHub post creates an issue where the pagination loops through &lt;em&gt;all&lt;/em&gt; of the tag pages bit-by-bit. This sorts that - hat tip to &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/11ty/eleventy/issues/332#issuecomment-1248185406&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;TheReyzar who mentioned the issue and showed part of their solution&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;filters-js-again&quot;&gt;filters.js (again)&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;finally, in my &lt;code&gt;filters.js&lt;/code&gt; file, I add the &lt;code&gt;tagPagination&lt;/code&gt; tag to the tags that get filtered using &lt;code&gt;filterTagList&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-js&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-js&quot;&gt;eleventyConfig&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;addFilter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;filterTagList&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;function&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;filterTagList&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token parameter&quot;&gt;tags&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token keyword&quot;&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;tags &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;||&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;filter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token parameter&quot;&gt;tag&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;=&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;all&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;posts&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;tagPagination&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token function&quot;&gt;indexOf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;tag&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;===&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token operator&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token number&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;hr&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;tag-image-preview&quot;&gt;tag image preview&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;today I tackled making the tag page more visually interesting.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;preview-the-first-featured-image&quot;&gt;preview the first featured image&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;first, I worked on previewing the first featured image. The focus here is on digging into &lt;code&gt;collections[tag]&lt;/code&gt; (reversed!) to get to the data of the first post.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;ul&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;taglist&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
{% for tag in collections | getKeys | filterTagList | sortAlphabetically %}
	{% set tagUrl %}/tags/{{ tag | slugify }}/{% endset %}
	&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;li&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;href&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;{{ tagUrl }}&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;taglist-link&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
      {% set tagRecent = collections[tag] | reverse %}
      {% if tagRecent[0].data.image.src %}
        &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;img&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;src&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;/posts/img/{{ tagRecent[0].data.image.src }}&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;alt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;{{ tagRecent[0].data.image.alt }}&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
      {% else %}
        &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;div&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;missing-image&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;div&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
      {% endif %}
      &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;span&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;post-tag&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;{{ tag }}&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;span&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
      {% set numPosts = collections[tag].length %}
      ({{ numPosts }} post{% if numPosts &gt; 1 %}s{% endif %})
    &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;li&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
{% endfor %}
&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;ul&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;preview-a-collage-of-recent-featured-images&quot;&gt;preview a collage of recent featured images&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I found that having just the first featured image made the tag page hard to differentiate from any of the pages listing individual posts, so from there I moved to showing 4 images (or empty rectangles where there weren&#39;t four to show).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;ul&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;taglist&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
{% for tag in collections | getKeys | filterTagList | sortAlphabetically %}
	{% set tagUrl %}/tags/{{ tag | slugify }}/{% endset %}
	&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;li&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;href&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;{{ tagUrl }}&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;taglist-link&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
      &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;div&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;tag-imgs&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
        {% set tagRecent = collections[tag] | reverse %}
        {% for i in range(0, 4) %}
        {% if tagRecent[i].data.image.src %}
          &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;img&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;src&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;/posts/img/{{ tagRecent[i].data.image.src }}&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;alt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;{{ tagRecent[i].data.image.alt }}&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
        {% else %}
          &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;div&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;missing-image&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;div&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
        {% endif %}
        {% endfor %}
      &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;div&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
      &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;span&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;post-tag&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;{{ tag }}&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;span&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
      {% set numPosts = collections[tag].length %}
      ({{ numPosts }} post{% if numPosts &gt; 1 %}s{% endif %})
    &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;li&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
{% endfor %}
&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;ul&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;with a bit of &lt;code&gt;display: grid&lt;/code&gt;, we&#39;re good to go, right?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 id=&quot;handling-multiple-aspect-ratios&quot;&gt;handling multiple aspect ratios&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;this had worked so far because the photos on the lessons site are from my camera in landscape mode, producing neat, identical 3:2 aspect ratios. Let&#39;s throw a wrench in that and introduce a portrait-mode photo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;thankfully, the CSS property &lt;code&gt;aspect-ratio&lt;/code&gt; makes this pretty straightforward, and &lt;code&gt;object-fit&lt;/code&gt; finishes the job.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-css&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-css&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token selector&quot;&gt;.taglist-link img&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token property&quot;&gt;aspect-ratio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; 3 / 2&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;token property&quot;&gt;object-fit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; cover&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;(I also set the &lt;code&gt;missing-img&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;s to have the same aspect ratio.)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There&#39;s the good stuff from &lt;a href=&quot;https://inherentlee.codeberg.page/lessons/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;11ty Lessons&lt;/a&gt;. Hope you enjoyed.&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>crow</title>
    <link href="https://leecat.art/crow/" />
    <updated>2026-02-09T00:00:00Z</updated>
    <id>https://leecat.art/crow/</id>
    <content type="html"></content>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>screen reader optimizations</title>
    <link href="https://leecat.art/screen-reader-optimizations/" />
    <updated>2026-02-06T00:00:00Z</updated>
    <id>https://leecat.art/screen-reader-optimizations/</id>
    <content type="html">&lt;h2 id=&quot;context&quot;&gt;context&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;recently, I&#39;ve been working on a &lt;a href=&quot;https://inherentlee.codeberg.page/spoonfairies/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot;&gt;website for a project called spoonfairies&lt;/a&gt;. On the providers page, we list a series of names along with their pronouns, location, and services offered. Visually, it looks like this:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://leecat.art/img/spoonfairies-provider.png&quot; alt=&quot;A provider listing from spoonfairies. On the top row of text, it shows the provider&#39;s name in large purple text, then their pronouns in slightly opaque white and slightly smaller font, then aligned on the right, a map pin emoji and their general location in standard size white text. On the second row of text, it lists a few services the provider offers, comma separated.&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; width=&quot;1000&quot; height=&quot;147&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;pronouns&quot;&gt;pronouns&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;at first, all three pieces of information in the top row had no extra styling - it was just a line of text with the same color and size throughout. The location bit also didn&#39;t exist yet, so we&#39;re going to briefly ignore it. Screenreader testing (with NVDA, specifically) informed me that, when reading through a long list of providers, parentheses become &lt;em&gt;very&lt;/em&gt; irritating. Imagine hearing the following:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lorem Ipsum left parentheses she slash her right parentheses web accessiblity webdev. Dolor Sit left parentheses they slash them right parentheses housecleaning. Amet Consectetur left parentheses he slash him right parentheses webdev spreadsheets software.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;...ad nauseam. Kinda irritating.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;the-fix&quot;&gt;the fix&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;put the pronouns in a span that provides special styling, and use &lt;code&gt;::before&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;::after&lt;/code&gt; to apply parentheses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;href&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;/providers/lorem-ipsum&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    Lorem Ipsum
    &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;span&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;pronouns&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;she/her&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;span&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-css&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-css&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token selector&quot;&gt;.pronouns::before&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token property&quot;&gt;content&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;(&quot;&lt;/span&gt; / &lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token selector&quot;&gt;.pronouns::after&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token property&quot;&gt;content&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;)&quot;&lt;/span&gt; / &lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;the slash is the magic there.&lt;/strong&gt; The string before the slash indicates the visual content, and the string after the slash is the alternative text content. I went happily on my way.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;plus, this is neat - now I can style the pronouns separately. Let&#39;s make them the standard text color rather than the link color, and a bit smaller, and a smidge opaque... nice.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;location&quot;&gt;location&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ooh, time to implement locations! I did my same ol&#39; trick.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;href&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;/providers/lorem-ipsum&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    Lorem Ipsum
    &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;span&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;pronouns&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;she/her&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;span&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;span&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;location&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Tacoma&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;span&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-css&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-css&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token selector&quot;&gt;.location::before&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token property&quot;&gt;content&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;📍&quot;&lt;/span&gt; / &lt;span class=&quot;token string&quot;&gt;&quot;is based out of&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I even added actual alternative text rather than an empty string to provide some context. Pronouns, I figured, could exist without much context, as it&#39;s pretty common for them to follow directly after names in introductions, but location isn&#39;t as much of a given.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;again, style em up nice, more of a standard text look, right-aligned. Cool.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;a-bigger-problem-than-parentheses&quot;&gt;a bigger problem than parentheses&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;...then I did some screen reader testing. Which I should have done directly after the pronouns bit. Turns out, I wasn&#39;t thrilled with what the &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;s did.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;at least with fairly default settings in NVDA, the &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;s broke up the way the link was read out. Suddenly, I was getting:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;visited link Lorem Ipsum visited link she slash her visited link Tacoma&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;this is all one link, mind you. The &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;a&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; tag isn&#39;t broken into three links. But the &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt;s apparently break up the screen reader output anyway (in NVDA, that&#39;s a continual caveat).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ooookay... what next?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;total-overhaul&quot;&gt;total overhaul&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I moved away from my &lt;code&gt;content&lt;/code&gt; approach entirely (well, I kept it around as a failsafe, but it&#39;s not running the show now). Instead, I switched over to an &lt;code&gt;aria-label&lt;/code&gt; for the whole link.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-html&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;href&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;/providers/lorem-ipsum&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;aria-label&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;Lorem Ipsum she/her is based out of Tacoma&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    Lorem Ipsum
    &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;span&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;pronouns&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;she/her&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;span&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;span&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;token attr-name&quot;&gt;class&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token attr-value&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation attr-equals&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;location&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Tacoma&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;span&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token tag&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/&lt;/span&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;token punctuation&quot;&gt;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;(technically, all this is templated to hell and back. I would hope that&#39;s obvious given I&#39;m talking about &lt;em&gt;lists&lt;/em&gt; of these entries.)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;now, after more screen reader testing, it reads out smoothly. The &lt;code&gt;aria-label&lt;/code&gt; precludes the actual link text and cleanly says what needs to be said, with nothing breaking up the text and the whole thing easily recognized as one link. &lt;em&gt;And&lt;/em&gt; I&#39;ve got my fancy styling. Sweet.&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
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